Archaeologists Unveil a 3,500-Year-Old City in Peru
Archaeologists on Thursday unveiled Peñico, a city that thrived 3,500 years ago, linking Pacific coast cultures with those in the Amazon region. This ancient city serves as a trading hub, possibly the continuation of the Caral society, which flourished around the same time as early civilizations in the Middle East and Asia.
The city center is marked by a circular structure on a hillside terrace, and remains of stone and mud buildings are visible some 600 meters above sea level. The northern Barranca province where Peñico is located is close to where the Caral civilization, considered a contemporary of civilizations in Egypt, India, Sumeria and China, developed 5,000 years ago.
Drone Footage Highlights City's Unique Features
Researchers released drone footage that showed the city center was well-preserved and was active during its thriving period. The city was likely a hub for trade and exchange with societies from the coast, the highlands, and the jungle.
Ruth Shady, the archaeologist leading the research into Peñico, said that the newly unveiled city is crucial as experts believe it emerged after the Caral civilization was affected by climate change.
Archaeological Significance of Peñico
The importance of Peñico lies in its strategic location for trade and exchange with societies from different regions, including the Pacific coast. The city was founded between 1800 and 1500 BC, close to where the Caral civilization, considered one of the oldest in the Americas, developed 5,000 years ago.
The city's significance is further underscored by the presence of monumental structures such as the Caral civilization's structures, which are considered a contemporary of civilizations in Egypt, India, Sumeria and China. However, unlike these ancient civilizations, Peñico was established in isolation.
Further Studies and Discovery of Ancient Structures
Researchers have identified up to 18 structures in Peñico, including ceremonial temples and residential complexes. The central plaza stands out for its sculptural reliefs and depictions of pututu, a conch shell trumpet that carries sound long distances. Other buildings also revealed clay sculptures of human and animal figures, ceremonial objects, and necklaces made from beads and seashells.
Peru's Ancient Culture Hub
Peru is a center of ancient cultures and home to numerous archaeological sites, including the Inca ruins of Machu Picchu in Cusco and the Nazca lines located in the desert region along the country's central coast.
In conclusion, Peñico serves as a testament to the rich history and culture of Peru and its connection to Pacific coast cultures and those from higher regions like the Andes and Amazon. The discovery of this ancient city is an important milestone in understanding Peru's past and its potential for future exploration and discovery.
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